According to a study from the Harvard T.H. They can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. The higher you fly, the more radiation you will absorb. At 40,000 feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x. For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. The dose rates shown above are expressed as multiples of sea level.
This plot shows how the Forbush decrease was restricted to the stratosphere it did not affect lower levels of the atmosphere: Radiation levels in the stratosphere over California dropped nearly 20%, more than doubling the previous record from our dataset.Įn route to the stratosphere, our sensors also pass through aviation altitudes, so we can sample radiation where planes fly. 3-4, 2021, was the deepest in the history of our 7-year atmospheric monitoring program. We have measured Forbush decreases before. Radiation from deep space that would normally pepper Earth's upper atmosphere is briefly wiped out. It happens when a CME from the sun sweeps past Earth and literally pushes cosmic rays away from our planet. This is called a "Forbush decrease," named after American physicist Scott Forbush who studied cosmic rays in the early 20th century. It happened during the strong geomagnetic storms of Nov. 2021): Our balloons have just measured a sudden drop in atmospheric radiation. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distanceīetween Earth and the Moon. The moonstone comes with a greeting card showing the pendant in flight, telling the story of its trip to the edge of space and back again.Īll sales support hands-on STEM education The moonstone's sterling silver infinity wrap is inscribed with the words "I love you forever." It makes a great anniversary or birthday gift. This one hitched a ride to the stratosphere onboard a cosmic ray research ballooin on May 13, 2022: "I LOVE YOU FOREVER" MOONSTONE PENDANT: Are you looking for a far-out gift? Consider the "I Love You Forever" Moonstone. Peter Paul Hattinga Verschure saw one yesterday in The Netherlands. Bishop's rings are usually caused by volcanic ash, but fine desert dust can make them too. The dust has caused another phenomenon as well-a " Bishop's ring" around the sun. "Temperatures up to 38☌ are expected here today with peaks of 40☌ elsewhere." "Enormous quantities of warm dusty air have been transported to Europe," says Ulbricht. "It looked like the desert, but in the middle of Saxony."
"The sunrise today was colored by Sahara dust," reports Heiko Ulbricht of Freital, Germany. SAHARA SUNRISE (IN SAXONY): Each year, winds pick up an estimated 100 million tons of dust from the Sahara Desert. Schrantz of Nicholasville, KY from Philippe Tosi of Nîmes, France from Martin Wise of Trenton, Florida More images: from Eduardo Schaberger Poupeau of Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina from Richard N. If the structure becomes unstable and erupts, it could hurl a significant CME away from the sun. Powerful currents of plasma are coursing through the filament, according to NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory.
One end of the filament is attached to sunspot AR3032 the other end is not pinned to anything. To be precise, it stretches 370,000 km from end to end-about the same as the distance from Earth to the Moon. "It's a super magnetic filament," says Pepe Manteca, who photographed the structure using a backyard solar telescope in Barcelona, Spain: SUPER MAGNETIC FILAMENT: The biggest thing on the sun today is not a sunspot. NOAA forecasters say there is a slight chance of G1-class geomagnetic storms while Earth is inside the stream. THE SOLAR WIND IS HERE: A stream of solar wind flowing ~600 km/s from a hole in the sun's atmosphere is buffeting Earth's magnetosphere today. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining-a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays. Credit: SDO/HMIĬosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is beginning, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. There are nine sunspot groups on the sun today-a continued sign of strength from Solar Cycle 25.
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